The Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers comprises three Departments working towards the growth and development of the nation. The three Departments are:

- Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals
- Department of Fertilisers
- Department of Pharmaceuticals

The Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals has been a part of the Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers since 5 July 1991. The Department is entrusted with the responsibility of policy formulation, planning, development, and regulation of the chemicals and petrochemicals industries.

The Department of Fertilisers functions under the ambit of the Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers. Its primary objective is to ensure the adequate and timely availability of fertilizers at affordable prices to maximize agricultural production in the country.

The Department of Pharmaceuticals was created on 1 July 2008 under the Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers to provide focused attention to the growth and development of the high-potential pharmaceuticals industry.